Genevieve Dynasty
Healthcare Guide
Italy's national healthcare system provides medical coverage to eligible residents. Understanding how it works, how to register, and where to go for different medical needs can help you access care with more confidence.
The system
Italy's national health service, the SSN, provides healthcare to residents through a system managed at the regional level. Coverage includes doctor visits, hospital care, specialist referrals, prescriptions, and preventive services. The system is funded primarily through taxation, and most services are provided at low cost or free to registered residents, though co-payments (ticket) may apply for certain services.
To access the SSN, you generally need to register with the local ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) in your area of residence. Registration typically requires a codice fiscale, proof of residency, and documentation of your right to healthcare, which varies by nationality and immigration status. EU citizens, non-EU workers, and other categories have different eligibility paths.
After registering with the ASL, you can choose a medico di medicina generale (family doctor or general practitioner). Your family doctor is your primary point of contact for non-emergency medical needs, prescriptions, referrals to specialists, and medical certificates. Children are assigned a pediatrician (pediatra di libera scelta).
Medical services
Pharmacies in Italy are widely available and can provide advice, over-the-counter medications, and prescription medicines. They follow a rotation system for nights, weekends, and holidays, so there is always a pharmacy open nearby. Look for the green cross sign.
For medical emergencies, call 112 (the European emergency number) or 118 (ambulance) and go to the Pronto Soccorso (emergency room) at the nearest hospital. Emergency care is provided regardless of registration status. Cases are triaged by severity using a colour-coded system.
Specialist visits through the SSN typically require a referral from your family doctor. Wait times can vary. Private healthcare is also available and is sometimes used to access specialists more quickly. Hospitals provide inpatient care, surgery, and specialist outpatient services.
Many residents use a combination of public and private healthcare. Private insurance is optional and can provide faster access to specialists and certain facilities. Some employers offer private health insurance as a benefit. Private clinics and doctors operate alongside the public system.
Important notice
Your right to access the SSN depends on your nationality, residency status, employment situation, and other individual factors. EU citizens, non-EU workers, students, and other categories have different registration requirements and entitlements. This guide provides a general overview only.
For specific questions about your healthcare eligibility, registration process, or coverage, contact your local ASL directly or consult a qualified professional. Requirements and procedures may differ between regions.
Last reviewed: August 2026
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